Arthritis is a general term for inflammation of one or more joints causing pain and stiffness. There are many types of arthritis. Some of these include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, septic arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis.  These conditions all lead to damage to the cartilage of the joint. The cartilage is a cushioning that absorbs stress and helps the joint glide smoothly. The proportion of cartilage damage and synovial inflammation varies with the type and stage of arthritis. Usually, the pain early on is due to inflammation. In the later stages, when the cartilage deteriorates, most of the pain comes from the mechanical friction of raw bones rubbing on each other.

Despite the different causes, the symptoms and treatment are often the same. Pain, swelling, and stiffness are the primary symptoms of arthritis. Any joint in the body may be affected by the disease, but it is prevalent in weight-bearing joints such as the knee, hip, and spine.

Although there is no cure for arthritis, there are many treatment options available to help manage pain and keep people active.

We diagnose arthritis through a careful evaluation of symptoms and a physical examination. X-rays are essential to show the extent of any damage to the joint. Occasionally, an MRI may be required to detect more focal damages to the joint.  Blood tests and other laboratory tests may help to determine the type of arthritis. 

Some of the exam findings of arthritis include:

• Weakness (atrophy) in the muscles
• Tenderness to touch
• Limited ability to move the joint passively (with assistance) and actively (without assistance).
• Signs that multiple joints are painful or swollen (an indication of rheumatoid arthritis)
• A grating feeling or sound (crepitus) with movement
• Pain when pressure is placed on the joint or when the joint is moved

No

Orthopedic surgeons know how to manage and treat arthritis with many non-operative measures.  Typically, we start with medications (NSAIDs, Tylenol, topical medications), injections (corticosteroid and viscosupplementation), physical therapy, and occasionally bracing.  Surgery is reserved for the most advanced arthritis that limits function despite these non-operative measures.

It depends on the patient’s overall health and comfort level. Joint replacement is increasingly becoming an outpatient procedure for younger and healthier patients. Patients can bear weight immediately after surgery, but there is some discomfort and recovery time needed. An overnight stay at the hospital is often helpful for those who need a little more assistance immediately after surgery.

The honest answer is yes. However, we utilize a variety of methods (minimally invasive surgical techniques, spinal anesthesia, nerve blocks, periarticular injections, medications, early mobilization) tailored to each patient in an effort to minimize the pain. Furthermore, the pain from surgery is a temporary step towards the long-term improvement of symptoms and relief of pain from arthritis.